Reduced Water Theories in Biological Systems
Recent research has also given rise to the reduced water theory. When water is exposed to electrolysis it shows an oxidation-reduction (redox or ORP value) potential of-350 mV. This water was found to protect DNA from oxidative damage from free radicals and contains atomic hydrogen, low dissolved oxygen and alkaline pH (Shirahata 1997). The same group of researchers used the reduced water as a wash for skin disorders such as skin edema. Reduced water with an alkaline pH and reducing potential relieved the majority of patients treated with this water as a skin wash. The reduced silicate mineral, Microhydrin®, shows a redox potential of-350 to -750 mV (1 to 2 capsules) depending on the type and amount of water used. Since water forms the matrix of life it is possible and highly likely that activated forms of hydrogen can provide the ultimate antioxidant to biological systems (Hayashi 1995). Natural reservoirs of water show negative reduction-oxidation potentials, after a rain shower. This motion of water is also thought to charge or set up a different potential in the water molecules (Verhagen 1974).
 Although the kinetics and forces that bond atoms within colloidal silicate-water cages is a relatively complex science, technology is further identifying that theories proposed in the 1950-1970's are true. The history dates from 1925, when Richard Adolf Zsigmondy won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry. Other various chemists were involved in the study of the complex bonding dynamics of colloidal surfaces and interactions including J. H. van der Waals and Thomas M. Riddick (Mackor, van der Waals 1952; Riddick 1968).
Present day colloidal chemists reveal structural water cages surrounding particles or atoms with techniques such as light scattering and reflection spectroscopy, which determine cage-water structure and explain further functional bonding and releasing activities of these types of colloidal systems (Meusinget, Corma 1996; Degani, Willner 1983,).
Some of the greatest scientists of the 19th century both in biological and geo- science were aware of the structuring and more complex nature of water surface interactions. They were able to study and theorize on this practical knowledge and predict a new era of biochemical importance for water.
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